Taxes

Shopper calculates taxes per line item, based on where an order is being shipped. You define geographic zones, assign percentage rates to each zone, and optionally override those rates for specific products, product types, or categories. The cart pipeline applies all of this automatically during checkout. All tax amounts are stored in cents as unsigned integers, consistent with the rest of the monetary system.

How It Works

The tax system has four main pieces:

TaxZone: a geographic area (country, or country + province) with a tax inclusion policy and an optional custom provider
TaxRate: a percentage rate attached to a zone; one rate per zone is marked as the default
TaxRateRule: a targeting rule on a rate; when a cart line matches a rule, its rate takes priority over the zone’s default
TaxCalculationProvider: the service responsible for receiving a taxable item and a context, and returning TaxLine value objects

When the cart is being calculated, the CalculateTax pipeline step reads the shipping address, resolves the matching TaxZone, picks the applicable TaxRate, and persists a CartLineTaxLine record for every cart line with a non-zero tax amount.

Tax Zones

A tax zone defines where a tax configuration applies. It maps to a country and optionally to a specific province or state within that country. The most important setting on a zone is is_tax_inclusive, which determines whether prices already include tax (VAT, common in Europe) or whether tax is added on top (sales tax, common in the US).

use Shopper\Core\Models\Country;
use Shopper\Core\Models\TaxZone;

$france = Country::query()->where('cca2', 'FR')->firstOrFail();

TaxZone::query()->create([
    'country_id' => $france->id,
    'name' => 'Standard VAT',
    'is_tax_inclusive' => true,
]);

$usa = Country::query()->where('cca2', 'US')->firstOrFail();

TaxZone::query()->create([
    'country_id' => $usa->id,
    'province_code' => 'CA',
    'name' => 'California Sales Tax',
    'is_tax_inclusive' => false,
]);

When the calculator resolves a zone for a shipping address, it first tries to find a zone matching both the country and province. If none exists, it falls back to a country-level zone with no province_code. The display_name accessor produces a human-readable label by combining country and zone name (for example, France — Standard VAT).

Zone Schema

Column	Type	Description
`country_id`	`unsignedBigInteger`	The country this zone applies to
`province_code`	`nullable string`	ISO province/state code (`CA`, `NY`, `IDF`)
`name`	`nullable string`	Optional label to identify the zone in the admin
`is_tax_inclusive`	`boolean`	Whether prices already include tax (VAT) or not (sales tax)
`provider_id`	`nullable unsignedBigInteger`	Custom tax provider; falls back to the system default when null
`parent_id`	`nullable unsignedBigInteger`	Parent zone for hierarchical configurations
`metadata`	`nullable jsonb`	Arbitrary data for custom providers

The combination of country_id and province_code is unique, you cannot have two zones for the same country/province pair. The TaxZone model is configurable via config/shopper/models.php.

Zone Relationships

Relationship	Type	Description
`country()`	`BelongsTo`	The country this zone is scoped to
`rates()`	`HasMany`	All tax rates defined for this zone
`provider()`	`BelongsTo`	The custom tax provider assigned to this zone
`parent()`	`BelongsTo`	Parent zone
`children()`	`HasMany`	Child zones

Tax Rates

Each zone has one or more rates. One rate should be marked as is_default it applies to every item in the zone that does not match a more specific override rule.

use Shopper\Core\Models\TaxRate;

TaxRate::query()->create([
    'tax_zone_id' => $franceZone->id,
    'name' => 'TVA 20%',
    'code' => 'FR_VAT_STANDARD',
    'rate' => 20.0,
    'is_default'  => true,
]);

France has a reduced VAT rate of 5.5% on food. You can define it as a separate non-default rate on the same zone, then target it at the right product category using a rule:

TaxRate::query()->create([
    'tax_zone_id' => $franceZone->id,
    'name' => 'TVA reduce 5.5%',
    'code' => 'FR_VAT_REDUCED',
    'rate' => 5.5,
    'is_default' => false,
]);

Tax Rate Schema

Column	Type	Description
`tax_zone_id`	`unsignedBigInteger`	The zone this rate belongs to
`name`	`string`	Display name shown on invoices (`TVA 20%`)
`code`	`nullable string`	Machine-readable identifier (`FR_VAT_STANDARD`)
`rate`	`decimal(8,4)`	Percentage value `20.0` means 20%
`is_default`	`boolean`	Applied when no override rule matches the item
`is_combinable`	`boolean`	Whether this rate stacks with rates from a parent zone
`metadata`	`nullable jsonb`	Arbitrary data for external providers

The TaxRate model is configurable via config/shopper/models.php.

Rate Relationships

Relationship	Type	Description
`taxZone()`	`BelongsTo`	The zone this rate is attached to
`rules()`	`HasMany`	Override rules that activate this rate for specific items

Tax Rate Rules

Rules let you override the default rate for specific items. The calculator checks all non-default rates with rules first. The first rule that matches the cart line wins; if none matches, the zone’s default rate is used. A rule has two fields: reference_type identifies what kind of entity to match, and reference_id holds the specific value to match against.

use Shopper\Core\Models\TaxRateRule;

TaxRateRule::query()->create([
    'tax_rate_id' => $reducedRate->id,
    'reference_type' => 'category',
    'reference_id' => (string) $foodCategory->id,
]);

This rule tells the calculator: “whenever a cart line belongs to the food category, use the 5.5% rate instead of the default 20%.” You can also target a specific product:

TaxRateRule::query()->create([
    'tax_rate_id' => $zeroVatRate->id,
    'reference_type' => 'product',
    'reference_id' => (string) $childrenBook->id,
]);

Or an entire product type, which is useful for applying different rules to virtual goods versus physical ones:

TaxRateRule::query()->create([
    'tax_rate_id' => $digitalRate->id,
    'reference_type' => 'product_type',
    'reference_id' => 'virtual',
]);

Rule Reference Types

`reference_type`	`reference_id`	Matches when
`product_type`	A `ProductType` enum value (`standard`, `virtual`, `external`)	The item’s product type equals the value
`product`	A product primary key, as a string	The item’s exact product ID matches
`category`	A category primary key, as a string	The item belongs to that category

Rule Schema

Column	Type	Description
`id`	bigint	Primary key
`tax_rate_id`	bigint	FK to tax rate
`reference_type`	string	Entity type to match (`product_type`, `product`, `category`)
`reference_id`	string	Entity value or ID to match against

The combination of tax_rate_id, reference_type, and reference_id is unique. You cannot attach the same rule twice to the same rate.

Inclusive vs Exclusive Taxes

The is_tax_inclusive flag on the zone controls the math behind the tax amount. Tax-exclusive (sales tax): tax is added on top of the price. The customer pays more than the listed price:

tax = unit_price × rate / 100
total = unit_price + tax

100 product with a 10% exclusive tax costs **

110** at checkout. Tax-inclusive (VAT): tax is already embedded in the listed price. The customer pays exactly the listed price, but the tax authority receives a portion:

tax = price − (price / (1 + rate / 100))
total = price (unchanged)

A €100 product with 20% VAT inclusive: tax = €100 - (€100 / 1.2) = €16.67, amount before tax = €83.33. Shopper handles both formulas automatically in SystemTaxProvider. The zone’s is_tax_inclusive value is also propagated through the pipeline context so storefronts can present prices correctly showing “VAT included” or displaying tax as an addition at checkout.

Cart Integration

Tax calculation is part of the cart pipeline and runs automatically whenever you call Cart::calculate(). The CalculateTax step runs after discounts are applied, ensuring taxes are computed on the post-discount amount. The step does the following for each cart line:

Reads the cart’s shipping address country and province
Builds a TaxCalculationContext from those values
Passes a CartLineTaxAdapter for the line to TaxCalculator::calculate()
Deletes any existing CartLineTaxLine records for that line
Creates new CartLineTaxLine records with the resulting tax lines
Accumulates the tax total on the pipeline context

use Shopper\Cart\Facades\Cart;

$cart = Cart::calculate($cart);

$cart->tax_amount;

foreach ($cart->lines as $line) {
    $line->taxLines;
}

If no matching tax zone exists for the shipping address, the CalculateTax step skips silently and no tax lines are created.

Persisting Tax Lines on Orders

When a cart is converted into an order, tax lines are snapshotted onto the order using CreateOrderTaxLinesAction. This snapshot preserves the exact tax breakdown at the moment of purchase future changes to zones or rates have no impact on historical orders.

use Shopper\Core\Actions\CreateOrderTaxLinesAction;

app(CreateOrderTaxLinesAction::class)->execute($order);

The action resolves the shipping address country, runs TaxCalculator::calculate() for each order item, creates an OrderTaxLine record for each result, and updates tax_amount on both the order item and the order itself.

OrderTaxLine Schema

Column	Type	Description
`taxable_type`	`string`	Polymorphic type (`Order` or `OrderItem`)
`taxable_id`	`unsignedBigInteger`	Polymorphic ID
`tax_rate_id`	`nullable unsignedBigInteger`	Reference to the rate used at time of purchase
`code`	`string`	Rate code snapshot
`name`	`string`	Rate name snapshot
`rate`	`decimal(8,4)`	Rate percentage snapshot
`amount`	`unsignedInteger`	Tax amount in cents

Accessing Tax Lines on an Order

use Shopper\Core\Models\Contracts\Order;

$order = resolve(Order::class)::query()
    ->with(['items.taxLines', 'taxLines'])
    ->find($orderId);

$order->tax_amount;

foreach ($order->items as $item) {
    $item->tax_amount;

    foreach ($item->taxLines as $taxLine) {
        $taxLine->name;
        $taxLine->rate;
        $taxLine->amount;
    }
}

Tax Providers

A TaxProvider record links a zone to a custom tax calculation service. When a zone has an enabled provider, the calculator uses that provider instead of the built-in system.

Provider Schema

Column	Type	Description
`id`	bigint	Primary key
`identifier`	string	Unique provider code (e.g., `avalara`, `taxjar`)
`is_enabled`	boolean	Whether the provider is active

Custom Tax Providers

The built-in SystemTaxProvider handles most use cases. For regions that require an external API like Avalara, TaxJar, or a homegrown tax service, you can implement the TaxCalculationProvider contract and assign it to specific zones. The contract is simple:

use Shopper\Core\Contracts\TaxCalculationProvider;
use Shopper\Core\Contracts\TaxableItem;
use Shopper\Core\Taxes\TaxCalculationContext;
use Shopper\Core\Taxes\TaxLine;

interface TaxCalculationProvider
{
    public function identifier(): string;

    /** @return array<int, TaxLine> */
    public function getTaxLines(TaxableItem $item, TaxCalculationContext $context): array;
}

Here is a complete implementation that calls a fictional external tax API:

use Shopper\Core\Contracts\TaxCalculationProvider;
use Shopper\Core\Contracts\TaxableItem;
use Shopper\Core\Taxes\TaxCalculationContext;
use Shopper\Core\Taxes\TaxLine;

final class AvalaraTaxProvider implements TaxCalculationProvider
{
    public function __construct(
        private readonly AvalartaClient $client,
    ) {}

    public function identifier(): string
    {
        return 'avalara';
    }

    public function getTaxLines(TaxableItem $item, TaxCalculationContext $context): array
    {
        $response = $this->client->calculate(
            amount: $item->getTaxableTotal(),
            countryCode: $context->countryCode,
            provinceCode: $context->provinceCode,
        );

        return [
            new TaxLine(
                taxRateId: 0,
                name: $response->description,
                code: $response->jurisdictionCode,
                rate: $response->rate,
                amount: $response->taxAmountInCents,
            ),
        ];
    }
}

use Shopper\Core\Contracts\TaxCalculationProvider;

$this->app->bind(TaxCalculationProvider::class, AvalaraTaxProvider::class);

Then create a TaxProvider record and link it to the zone that should use it:

use Shopper\Core\Models\TaxProvider;

$provider = TaxProvider::query()->create([
    'identifier' => 'avalara',
    'is_enabled' => true,
]);

$usZone->update(['provider_id' => $provider->id]);

When the calculator resolves a zone that has an enabled provider, it instantiates that provider from the container instead of falling back to the system default. Each unique country/province combination is cached in memory for the duration of the request, so the provider is only resolved once per zone.

The TaxCalculationContext

The TaxCalculationContext is a read-only value object that carries the geographic information needed to resolve the correct zone and provider:

Property	Type	Description
`countryCode`	`string`	ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country code (`FR`, `US`, `DE`)
`provinceCode`	`?string`	ISO province/state code (`CA`, `NY`)
`customerId`	`?int`	The authenticated customer’s ID, for future customer-level tax rules
`resolvedZone`	`?TaxZone`	Pre-resolved zone; set internally by the calculator to avoid redundant queries

The TaxableItem Contract

Any object you pass to TaxCalculator::calculate() must implement Shopper\Core\Contracts\TaxableItem:

Method	Return	Description
`getTaxableTotal()`	`int`	The full taxable line total in cents, after any item-level adjustments (unit price times quantity)
`getProductType()`	`?string`	Product type value (`standard`, `virtual`, `external`)
`getProductId()`	`?int`	The product’s primary key
`getCategoryIds()`	`array<int, int>`	Primary keys of all categories the product belongs to

The contract exposes a single getTaxableTotal() rather than a separate unit amount and quantity. The provider taxes that total in one pass, so a line whose total is not evenly divisible by its quantity is never rounded per unit. This keeps exclusive zones from overcharging by a cent and keeps inclusive VAT breakdowns balanced (net plus tax always equals gross). Shopper ships two ready-made adapters:

CartLineTaxAdapter wraps a CartLine for use during cart calculation; the taxable total is the post-discount line total in cents
OrderItemTaxAdapter wraps an OrderItem for use in CreateOrderTaxLinesAction; the taxable total is unit_price_amount times quantity in cents

If you are building a custom checkout flow or need to calculate taxes outside of a cart, you can implement TaxableItem directly on any of your objects and call TaxCalculator::calculate() with a manually constructed TaxCalculationContext.

Prologue

Getting Started

Catalog

Sales

Store Setup

System

Storefront

Releases

How It Works

Tax Zones

Zone Schema

Zone Relationships

Tax Rates

Tax Rate Schema

Rate Relationships

Tax Rate Rules

Rule Reference Types

Rule Schema

Inclusive vs Exclusive Taxes

Cart Integration

Persisting Tax Lines on Orders

OrderTaxLine Schema

Accessing Tax Lines on an Order

Tax Providers

Provider Schema

Custom Tax Providers

The TaxCalculationContext

The TaxableItem Contract

​How It Works

​Tax Zones

​Zone Schema

​Zone Relationships

​Tax Rates

​Tax Rate Schema

​Rate Relationships

​Tax Rate Rules

​Rule Reference Types

​Rule Schema

​Inclusive vs Exclusive Taxes

​Cart Integration

​Persisting Tax Lines on Orders

​OrderTaxLine Schema

​Accessing Tax Lines on an Order

​Tax Providers

​Provider Schema

​Custom Tax Providers

​The TaxCalculationContext

​The TaxableItem Contract

How It Works

Tax Zones

Zone Schema

Zone Relationships

Tax Rates

Tax Rate Schema

Rate Relationships

Tax Rate Rules

Rule Reference Types

Rule Schema

Inclusive vs Exclusive Taxes

Cart Integration

Persisting Tax Lines on Orders

OrderTaxLine Schema

Accessing Tax Lines on an Order

Tax Providers

Provider Schema

Custom Tax Providers

The TaxCalculationContext

The TaxableItem Contract